Table 1 The 50-gene signature identified by CoMI in GBM

RRM2

9.23E−33

–

Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process [GO:0009263]; DNA replication [GO:0006260]; negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition [GO:0070317]

Cytosol [GO:0005829]; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex [GO:0005971]

UBE2C

4.17E−29

–

Anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process [GO:0031145]; cell division [GO:0051301]; exit from mitosis [GO:0010458]

Anaphase-promoting complex [GO:0005680]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]

PBK

2.07E−27

–

Cellular response to UV [GO:0034644]; mitotic cell cycle [GO:0000278]; negative regulation of inflammatory response [GO:0050728]

Nucleus [GO:0005634]

CCNB2

5.82E−27

–

Cell division [GO:0051301]; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle [GO:0000086]; in utero embryonic development [GO:0001701]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex [GO:0000307]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]

KIF20A

5.82E−27

–

Microtubule-based movement [GO:0007018]; microtubule bundle formation [GO:0001578]; midbody abscission [GO:0061952]

Cleavage furrow [GO:0032154]; Golgi apparatus [GO:0005794]; intercellular bridge [GO:0045171]

MYBL2

5.50E−25

–

Cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor [GO:1990830]; mitotic cell cycle [GO:0000278]; mitotic spindle assembly [GO:0090307]

Myb complex [GO:0031523]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]

NDC80

1.11E−27

–

Attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore [GO:0051315]; attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore [GO:0008608]; cell division [GO:0051301]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]

TOP2A

7.18E−26

–

Apoptotic chromosome condensation [GO:0030263]; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus [GO:0006974]; chromosome segregation [GO:0007059]

Chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; condensed chromosome [GO:0000793]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]

DLGAP5

9.00E−25

–

Mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole [GO:0007079]; positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition [GO:0045842]; positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target [GO:0007221]

Centriolar satellite [GO:0034451]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]

BIRC5

6.81E−24

–

Cell division [GO:0051301]; chromosome segregation [GO:0007059]; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway [GO:0019221]

Centriole [GO:0005814]; chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; chromosome passenger complex [GO:0032133]

NCAPG

4.91E−28

–

Cell division [GO:0051301]; mitotic chromosome condensation [GO:0007076]

Condensed chromosome [GO:0000793]; condensed chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000779]; condensin complex [GO:0000796]

CDC45

9.54E−21

–

DNA replication [GO:0006260]; DNA replication checkpoint [GO:0000076]; DNA replication initiation [GO:0006270]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; ciliary basal body [GO:0036064]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]

AURKB

1.44E−23

–

Abscission [GO:0009838]; aging [GO:0007568]; anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process [GO:0031145]

Chromocenter [GO:0010369]; chromosome passenger complex [GO:0032133]; condensed chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000779]

MELK

2.59E−23

–

Apoptotic process [GO:0006915]; cell population proliferation [GO:0008283]; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle [GO:0000086]

Cell cortex [GO:0005938]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; membrane [GO:0016020]

TROAP

1.20E−21

–

Cell adhesion [GO:0007155]

Cytoplasm [GO:0005737]

BUB1

1.92E−26

–

Apoptotic process [GO:0006915]; cell division [GO:0051301]; cell population proliferation [GO:0008283]

Condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]; condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000778]; condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore [GO:0000942]

EPR1

3.69E−22

–

Cell surface receptor signaling pathway [GO:0007166]

Integral component of membrane [GO:0016021]

HJURP

3.55E−24

–

Cell cycle [GO:0007049]; CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly [GO:0034080]; chromosome segregation [GO:0007059]

Chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]

FAM64A

9.65E−21

–

Cell cycle [GO:0007049]; cell division [GO:0051301]

Nucleolus [GO:0005730]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]

KIF4A

9.11E−24

–

Anterograde axonal transport [GO:0008089]; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II [GO:0019886]; microtubule-based movement [GO:0007018]

Axon cytoplasm [GO:1904115]; chromosome [GO:0005694]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]

ASF1B

1.00E−24

–

Blastocyst hatching [GO:0001835]; cell differentiation [GO:0030154]; DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly [GO:0006335]

Nuclear chromatin [GO:0000790]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; protein-containing complex [GO:0032991]

NUSAP1

8.64E−24

–

Establishment of mitotic spindle localization [GO:0040001]; mitotic chromosome condensation [GO:0007076]; mitotic cytokinesis [GO:0000281]

Chromosome [GO:0005694]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; microtubule [GO:0005874]

CEP55

1.10E−26

–

Cranial skeletal system development [GO:1904888]; establishment of protein localization [GO:0045184]; midbody abscission [GO:0061952]

Centriolar satellite [GO:0034451]; centriole [GO:0005814]; centrosome [GO:0005813]

CENPA

5.29E−22

–

CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly [GO:0034080]; establishment of mitotic spindle orientation [GO:0000132]; kinetochore assembly [GO:0051382]

Chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; condensed chromosome inner kinetochore [GO:0000939]; condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000780]

SHOX2

6.10E−16

–

Cardiac atrium morphogenesis [GO:0003209]; cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis [GO:0060351]; chondrocyte development [GO:0002063]

Nuclear chromatin [GO:0000790]

KIFC1

3.38E−19

–

Cell division [GO:0051301]; microtubule-based movement [GO:0007018]; mitotic metaphase plate congression [GO:0007080]

Early endosome [GO:0005769]; kinesin complex [GO:0005871]; membrane [GO:0016020]

KIAA0101

8.07E−21

–

Cellular response to DNA damage stimulus [GO:0006974]; centrosome cycle [GO:0007098]; DNA replication [GO:0006260]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]

KIF2C

3.31E−20

–

Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II [GO:0019886]; attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore [GO:0051315]; cell division [GO:0051301]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; chromosome, centromeric region [GO:0000775]; condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]

ATP8A2

8.43E−13

Brain

Aging [GO:0007568]; axonogenesis [GO:0007409]; detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception [GO:0050908]

Endosome [GO:0005768]; Golgi apparatus [GO:0005794]; integral component of membrane [GO:0016021]

CENPK

4.27E−21

–

CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly [GO:0034080]; kinetochore assembly [GO:0051382]; mitotic sister chromatid segregation [GO:0000070]

Condensed nuclear chromosome inner kinetochore [GO:0000941]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]

FOXM1

7.18E−19

–

DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator [GO:0006978]; DNA repair [GO:0006281]; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle [GO:0000086]

Nuclear chromatin [GO:0000790]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]

GTSE1

7.44E−19

–

DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest [GO:0006977]; microtubule-based process [GO:0007017]; positive regulation of cell migration [GO:0030335]

Cytoplasmic microtubule [GO:0005881]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; membrane [GO:0016020]

IGFBP2

1.01E−14

–

Aging [GO:0007568]; cellular protein metabolic process [GO:0044267]; cellular response to hormone stimulus [GO:0032870]

Apical plasma membrane [GO:0016324]; cytoplasmic vesicle [GO:0031410]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]

KIF14

7.45E−18

–

Activation of protein kinase activity [GO:0032147]; cell division [GO:0051301]; cell proliferation in forebrain [GO:0021846]

Cytosol [GO:0005829]; Flemming body [GO:0090543]; kinesin complex [GO:0005871]

MKI67

1.18E−16

–

Cell cycle [GO:0007049]; cell population proliferation [GO:0008283]; regulation of chromatin organization [GO:1902275]

Chromosome [GO:0005694]; membrane [GO:0016020]; nuclear body [GO:0016604]

F2R

9.11E−24

–

Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process [GO:0006919]; activation of MAPKK activity [GO:0000186]; anatomical structure morphogenesis [GO:0009653]

Caveola [GO:0005901]; cell surface [GO:0009986]; early endosome [GO:0005769]

FAM111B

1.50E−17

–

DNA replication [GO:0006260]

Chromatin [GO:0000785]; nucleus [GO:0005634]

PNMA5

2.62E−14

Brain

Positive regulation of apoptotic process [GO:0043065]

–

PRKCG

1.06E−11

Brain

Chemical synaptic transmission [GO:0007268]; chemosensory behavior [GO:0007635]; innervation [GO:0060384]

Calyx of Held [GO:0044305]; cell–cell junction [GO:0005911]; cytosol [GO:0005829]

MLF1IP

2.29E−19

–

CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly [GO:0034080]; chordate embryonic development [GO:0043009]; viral process [GO:0016032]

Centriolar satellite [GO:0034451]; condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]; cytosol [GO:0005829]

CDCA2

5.25E−18

–

Cell cycle [GO:0007049]; cell division [GO:0051301]; chromosome segregation [GO:0007059]

Chromosome [GO:0005694]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]

E2F8

7.40E−19

–

Cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis [GO:0033301]; cell population proliferation [GO:0008283]; chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation [GO:0060718]

Cytosol [GO:0005829]; nuclear chromatin [GO:0000790]; nucleolus [GO:0005730]

EZH2

2.37E−21

–

Cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress [GO:0014898]; cellular response to hydrogen peroxide [GO:0070301]; cellular response to trichostatin A [GO:0035984]

Chromosome, telomeric region [GO:0000781]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; ESC/E(Z) complex [GO:0035098]

C1QL3

1.54E−11

Brain

Regulation of synapse organization [GO:0050807]

Collagen trimer [GO:0005581]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]

CDK1

2.71E−19

–

Activation of MAPK activity [GO:0000187]; anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process [GO:0031145]; animal organ regeneration [GO:0031100]

Centrosome [GO:0005813]; cyclin B1-CDK1 complex [GO:0097125]; cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex [GO:0000307]

BUB1B

9.46E−19

–

Anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process [GO:0031145]; apoptotic process [GO:0006915]; cell division [GO:0051301]

Anaphase-promoting complex [GO:0005680]; condensed chromosome kinetochore [GO:0000777]; condensed chromosome outer kinetochore [GO:0000940]

KIF18A

1.24E−18

–

Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II [GO:0019886]; cellular response to estradiol stimulus [GO:0071392]; male meiotic nuclear division [GO:0007140]

Caveola [GO:0005901]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; cytosol [GO:0005829]

SST

3.64E−09

Brain

Cell–cell signaling [GO:0007267]; cell surface receptor signaling pathway [GO:0007166]; chemical synaptic transmission [GO:0007268]

Extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; neuronal cell body [GO:0043025]

E2F2

2.48E−14

–

Cell cycle [GO:0007049]; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator [GO:0072332]; lens fiber cell apoptotic process [GO:1990086]

Nuclear chromatin [GO:0000790]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]

RYR2

6.41E−12

–

Calcium ion transport [GO:0006816]; calcium ion transport into cytosol [GO:0060402]; calcium-mediated signaling [GO:0019722]

Calcium channel complex [GO:0034704]; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane [GO:0030659]; junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0014701]