Fig. 9
![Fig. 9](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12859-022-04918-1/MediaObjects/12859_2022_4918_Fig9_HTML.png)
Influence of the fraction of noisy data on the error of PQN calculation. Panel A illustrates the change of the coefficient of variance of \(\mathbf {Q}^\text {PQN}\) (Y-axis) as the noise fraction (\(f_n\), Y-axis with the same tick labels as the color bar) increases. Panel B shows the error size of calculated \(Q^\text {PQN}\) to true \(V\) with mean scaling (X-axis) and standard scaling (Y-axis). The color of points relates to the noise fraction as depicted in the color bar