Fig. 2

A simple example of a closed network consisting of one reaction. a Two molecules of superoxide and two hydron atoms react to each other and produce one molecule of dioxygen and a molecule of hydrogen perixide. The reaction rate here follows the mass-action kinetics with the reaction rate constant k. b The system of ODE equations of the network. The concentrations of \({\hbox {O}_{2}}^{-}\), \(\hbox {H}^{+}\), \(\hbox {O}_{2}\) and \(\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}_{2}\) are denoted by \(x_1\), \(x_2, x_3\) and \(x_4\) respectively