Fig. 3

Illustration of Microbe–microbe network. A Negative relationships (red edges) between microbes. Only the edges with weight lower than − 0.7 are shown for simplicity. B Positive relationships (green edges) between microbes. Only the edges with a weight higher than 0.5 are shown for simplicity. C 5 relationships between microbes, competition (–), mutualism (+ +), commensalism(+ 0), parasitism (+ −) and amenalism(− 0) are shown. −, + and 0 denotes a negative effect, a positive effect, and no effect, respectively. pathogenic and commensal microbes curated through literature review are labeled in red and green, respectively. Other microbes are labeled in gray