Fig. 5
Performance of the MLAGO method. A and B Convergence curves for the MLAGO method (red) and conventional method (blue). The thin lines with light colors represent independent trials, and the thick lines with strong colors represent the geometric mean of these trials. The dashed black lines represent the allowable error (AE). The number of evaluations indicates the number of simulations performed during the global optimization. C and D Simulation results of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism models with the Km values estimated by the MLAGO method. The circles and lines represent experimental data and simulation, respectively. Only important molecular components are shown for clarity. E and F Scatter plots of Km values estimated by the MLAGO method. G and H Scatter plots of Km values estimated by the conventional method. In (E)–(H), the circles represent mean values, and error bars represent ± standard deviation (n = 10). In (E) and (F), the error bars are not clearly visible because the standard deviation is small