Fig. 9

Model testing performance metrics: sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity (above) and specificity (below) for the 44 tests. The four different symbol shapes/colors correspond to the four networks. Solid and hollow symbols represent non-augmented and augmented test sets, respectively. Error bars are binomial exact 95% confidence intervals. Horizontal axes labels stand for different ways of applying augmentation: A = Make three sets, then augment validation; B = Make three sets; C = Make three sets, then augment training; D = Make three sets, then augment both training and validation; E = Separate test set, augment the rest, then make two other sets; F = Augment all before making three sets. CI = confidence interval