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Table 8 Hybrid results for the LSTM model based on the macro-F1 score on the test set. The bold values show the best results

From: Machine learning-based approaches for ubiquitination site prediction in human proteins

Window size

Seq

Seq + PSSM

Seq + AAC

Seq + DPC

Seq + PCP

Seq + All

5

0.530 ± 0.003

0.518 ± 0.003

0.490 ± 0.001

0.502 ± 0.001

0.499 ± 0.019

0.522 ± 0.002

7

0.520 ± 0.002

0.528 ± 0.004

0.519 ± 0.002

0.523 ± 0.001

0.518 ± 0.01

0.525 ± 0.002

9

0.530 ± 0.001

0.534 ± 0.002

0.529 ± 0.001

0.528 ± 0.002

0.527 ± 0.006

0.531 ± 0.001

15

0.545 ± 0

0.55 ± 0.005

0.543 ± 0.002

0.539 ± 0.002

0.544 ± 0.006

0.543 ± 0.003

21

0.555 ± 0.003

0.559 ± 0.003

0.553 ± 0.002

0.542 ± 0.001

0.554 ± 0.003

0.549 ± 0.005

27

0.563 ± 0.003

0.568 ± 0.001

0.559 ± 0.002

0.551 ± 0.002

0.562 ± 0.002

0.558 ± 0.007

33

0.563 ± 0.004

0.571 ± 0.002

0.562 ± 0.002

0.557 ± 0.001

0.569 ± 0.004

0.561 ± 0.006

45

0.570 ± 0.002

0.576 ± 0.007

0.566 ± 0.002

0.562 ± 0.002

0.570 ± 0.003

0.566 ± 0.003

55

0.572 ± 0.003

0.572 ± 0.006

0.569 ± 0.002

0.565 ± 0.004

0.573 ± 0.003

0.566 ± 0.002

77

0.574 ± 0.004

0.576 ± 0.004

0.572 ± 0.003

0.567 ± 0.004

0.572 ± 0.003

0.569 ± 0.003

99

0.573 ± 0.002

0.576 ± 0.002

0.571 ± 0.002

0.569 ± 0.003

0.574 ± 0.002

0.566 ± 0.002

Avg (5–99)

0.554 ± 0.009

0.557 ± 0.013

0.548 ± 0.006

0.546 ± 0.008

0.551 ± 0.025

0.551 ± 0.013

Avg (7–99)

0.557 ± 0.008

0.561 ± 0.013

0.554 ± 0.006

0.550 ± 0.008

0.556 ± 0.016

0.553 ± 0.013