- OCs are expressed in terms of the kinetic constants \(k_i\) of the reaction network in Fig. 1 and the initial concentrations of the chemical species, \(x_n(0)\) for species \(S_n\). The formulas are obtained by solving the system of equations for the reaction network. The oscillator characteristics (OCs) are: amplitude (\(\alpha _n\)), frequency (\(\theta\)), phase (\(\phi _n\)), and DC offset (\(\omega _n\)). The terms \(\pi _1, \pi _2\) are defined in the text, and reflect technical details related to the inverting the tangent function
