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Volume 11 Supplement 4

UT-ORNL-KBRIN Bioinformatics Summit 2010

Next-gen sequencing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to determine antibiotic resistance genotypes

BMC Bioinformatics volume 11, Article number: P16 (2010) Cite this article

Background

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of hospital acquired infection and often increases mortality and length of stay[1–3]. The mechanisms of resistance include: (1) antimicrobial-inactivating enzymes such as □-lactamases, (2) alteration of membrane porin channels, and (3) mutations that change cellular functions [4]. Accurate genotyping and correlation to antimicrobial susceptibility will help prevent and treat outbreaks of Acinetobacter.

The genome of A. baumannii ranges from 3.2 Megabases (Mb) in the drug sensitive SDF strain up to 3.9 Mb in the MDR AYE strain. A surprisingly high proportion of baumannii ORFs, (15%-20%), are located in resistance islands or “alien islands” - long stretches of DNA acquired from a foreign source. The MDR AYE strain has an 86Kb island containing 45-50 drug resistance genes located in an insertion hotspot [5]. Our study aims to sequence several A. baumanni i isolates from Metro Nashville General (NGH) Hospital and conduct a strain-to-reference genomic characterization of clinical virulence factors.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of the NGH hospital epidemiology data base included 247 isolates of A. baumannii from 164 patients (submitted, BMC Infectious Disease). Cluster Software version 2.11 and TreeView software grouped resistance phenotypes into six categories (see Figure 1) [6].

Figure 1
figure 1

Clustered baumannii groups. Left Side: full clustergram of all isolate phenotypes. Right Side: zoom in of resistance group 4: meripenem/imipenum and aminoglycoside sensitive.

Legend: red = resistant, green = sensitive, yellow = intermediate, black/gray = no data.

Full size image

1.Pan resistant

2.Pan sensitive

3.Sensitive to meropenem /imipenem only.

4.Sensitive to meropenem/imipenem and aminoglycoside only.

5.Sensitive to cephalosporins only.

6.Resistant to aminoglycosides only.

We chose a meripenum/imepenum and aminoglycosides sensitive baumanii isolate for strain-to-reference sequencing on an Illumina Genome Analyzer II system at the Vanderbilt University Genome Technology Core (https://gtc.vanderbilt.edu/gtc/tech).

Conclusion

Initial sequencing yielded 5,250,420 reads of 43bp each, yielding 225.76 Mb of total sequence. The reads from our isolate were aligned to MDR baumannii reference strain ACICU (NC_010611.1). Alignment was done with the Bowtie Aligner [7]. Of the 5.2 million total reads, 4,004,012 (76.26%) aligned to AICIU, with a mean coverage depth of 43.96 fold. Roughly 58% of the ACICU genome was covered by at least one read. We will next align the reads further with other baumannii reference strains including MDR AYE (NC_010410) and non-resistant strain SDF (NC_010400) in order to further characterize and annotate our isolate at the genomic level.

References

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Acknowledgements

Experiment design and data analysis performed through the use of the Meharry Medical College Microarray and Bioinformatics Core, which is supported in part by NIH grants G12RR03032-19 and P20RR011792. (http://www.mmc.edu/bioinformatics/)

Sequencing and alignment was performed at the Vanderbilt University Genome Technology Core (https://gtc.vanderbilt.edu/gtc/tech).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA

    Leon Dent & Dana Marshall

  2. Nashville General Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA

    Robert Hulette

  3. Microarray and Bioinformatics Core, Dept. of Microbiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA

    Siddharth Pratap

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  1. Leon Dent
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  2. Dana Marshall
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Correspondence to Leon Dent.

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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Dent, L., Marshall, D., Hulette, R. et al. Next-gen sequencing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to determine antibiotic resistance genotypes. BMC Bioinformatics 11 (Suppl 4), P16 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S4-P16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S4-P16

Keywords

  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Acinetobacter Baumannii
  • Illumina Genome Analyzer
  • Drug Resistance Gene

BMC Bioinformatics

ISSN: 1471-2105

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