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  1. Multiple studies rely on ChIP-seq experiments to assess the effect of gene modulation and drug treatments on protein binding and chromatin structure. However, most methods commonly used for the normalization o...

    Authors: Lélia Polit, Gwenneg Kerdivel, Sebastian Gregoricchio, Michela Esposito, Christel Guillouf and Valentina Boeva
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:407
  2. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins play a fundamental role in the adaptive immune system as they present peptides to T cells. Mass-spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics is a promising and powerful tool ...

    Authors: Hesham ElAbd, Frauke Degenhardt, Tomas Koudelka, Ann-Kristin Kamps, Andreas Tholey, Petra Bacher, Tobias L. Lenz, Andre Franke and Mareike Wendorff
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:405
  3. Modern Next Generation- and Third Generation- Sequencing methods such as Illumina and PacBio Circular Consensus Sequencing platforms provide accurate sequencing data. Parallel developments in Deep Learning hav...

    Authors: Anand Ramachandran, Steven S. Lumetta, Eric W. Klee and Deming Chen
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:404
  4. Reproducible benchmarking is important for assessing the effectiveness of novel feature selection approaches applied on gene expression data, especially for prior knowledge approaches that incorporate biologic...

    Authors: Cindy Perscheid
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:401
  5. The DNA sequences encoding ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) are commonly used as markers to identify species, including in metagenomics samples that may combine many organismal communities. The 16S small subunit ri...

    Authors: Alejandro A. Schäffer, Richard McVeigh, Barbara Robbertse, Conrad L. Schoch, Anjanette Johnston, Beverly A. Underwood, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi and Eric P. Nawrocki
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:400
  6. Numerous genomes are sequenced and made available to the community through the NCBI portal. However, and, unlike what happens for gene function annotation, annotation of promoter sequences and the underlying p...

    Authors: Jorge Oliveira, Miguel Antunes, Claudia P. Godinho, Miguel C. Teixeira, Isabel Sá-Correia and Pedro T. Monteiro
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:399
  7. Meiotic recombination is a vital biological process playing an essential role in genome's structural and functional dynamics. Genomes exhibit highly various recombination profiles along chromosomes associated ...

    Authors: Yasmine Mansour, Annie Chateau and Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 6):396

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 6

  8. Cancer genomic studies often include data collected from several omics platforms. Each omics data source contributes to the understanding of the underlying biological process via source specific (“individual”)...

    Authors: Erica Ponzi, Magne Thoresen, Therese Haugdahl Nøst and Kajsa Møllersen
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:395
  9. Analyses of microbial evolution often use reconciliation methods. However, the standard duplication-transfer-loss (DTL) model does not account for the fact that species trees are often not fully sampled and th...

    Authors: Jingyi Liu, Ross Mawhorter, Nuo Liu, Santi Santichaivekin, Eliot Bush and Ran Libeskind-Hadas
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 10):394

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 10

  10. Integrating data from different sources is a recurring question in computational biology. Much effort has been devoted to the integration of data sets of the same type, typically multiple numerical data tables...

    Authors: Audrey Hulot, Denis Laloë and Florence Jaffrézic
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:392
  11. A range of spatially resolved transcriptomic methods has recently emerged as a way to spatially characterize the molecular and cellular diversity of a tissue. As a consequence, an increasing number of computat...

    Authors: Sergio Marco Salas, Daniel Gyllborg, Christoffer Mattsson Langseth and Mats Nilsson
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:391
  12. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements, key in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants and other adaptive traits in bacteria. Obtaining a robust method for plasmid classification is ne...

    Authors: Santiago Redondo-Salvo, Roger Bartomeus-Peñalver, Luis Vielva, Kaitlin A. Tagg, Hattie E. Webb, Raúl Fernández-López and Fernando de la Cruz
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:390
  13. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are oligopeptides that act as crucial components of innate immunity, naturally occur in all multicellular organisms, and are involved in the first line of defense function. Recent...

    Authors: Onkar Singh, Wen-Lian Hsu and Emily Chia-Yu Su
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:389
  14. Stroke has an acute onset and a high mortality rate, making it one of the most fatal diseases worldwide. Its underlying biology and treatments have been widely studied both in the “Western” biomedicine and the...

    Authors: Xi Yang, Chengkun Wu, Goran Nenadic, Wei Wang and Kai Lu
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 10):387

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 10

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:585

  15. The fidelity and reliability of disease model predictions depend on accurate and precise descriptions of processes and determination of parameters. Various models exist to describe within-host dynamics during ...

    Authors: Shade Horn, Jacky L. Snoep and David D. van Niekerk
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:384
  16. Biomacromolecular structural data outgrew the legacy Protein Data Bank (PDB) format which the scientific community relied on for decades, yet the use of its successor PDBx/Macromolecular Crystallographic Infor...

    Authors: Glen van Ginkel, Lukáš Pravda, José M. Dana, Mihaly Varadi, Peter Keller, Stephen Anyango and Sameer Velankar
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:383
  17. Neoantigen based personalized immune therapies achieve promising results in melanoma and lung cancer, but few neoantigen based models perform well in IDH wild-type GBM, and the association between neoantigen i...

    Authors: Ting Sun, Yufei He, Wendong Li, Guang Liu, Lin Li, Lu Wang, Zixuan Xiao, Xiaohan Han, Hao Wen, Yong Liu, Yifan Chen, Haoyu Wang, Jing Li, Yubo Fan, Wei Zhang and Jing Zhang
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:382
  18. Authors: Nicholas J. Eagles, Emily E. Burke, Jacob Leonard, Brianna K. Barry, Joshua M. Stolz, Louise Huuki, BaDoi N. Phan, Violeta Larios Serrato, Everardo Gutiérrez-Millán, Israel Aguilar-Ordoñez, Andrew E. Jaffe and Leonardo Collado-Torres
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:381

    The original article was published in BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:224

  19. RNA degradation is important for the regulation of gene expression. Despite the identification of proteins and sequences related to deadenylation-dependent RNA degradation in plants, endonucleolytic cleavage-d...

    Authors: Daishin Ueno, Harunori Kawabe, Shotaro Yamasaki, Taku Demura and Ko Kato
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:380
  20. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) imply a spectrum of symptoms rather than a single phenotype. ASD could affect brain connectivity at different degree based on the severity of the symptom. Given their excellent ...

    Authors: Jinlong Hu, Lijie Cao, Tenghui Li, Shoubin Dong and Ping Li
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:379
  21. Due to the complexity of microbial communities, de novo assembly on next generation sequencing data is commonly unable to produce complete microbial genomes. Metagenome assembly binning becomes an essential st...

    Authors: Zhenmiao Zhang and Lu Zhang
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 10):378

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 10

  22. Data integration to build a biomedical knowledge graph is a challenging task. There are multiple disease ontologies used in data sources and publications, each having its hierarchy. A common task is to map bet...

    Authors: Natalja Kurbatova and Rowan Swiers
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:377
  23. Illumina is the dominant sequencing technology at this time. Short length, short insert size, some systematic biases, and low-level carryover contamination in Illumina reads continue to make assembly of repeat...

    Authors: Alexandre Souvorov and Richa Agarwala
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:375
  24. As exome sequencing (ES) integrates into clinical practice, we should make every effort to utilize all information generated. Copy-number variation can lead to Mendelian disorders, but small copy-number varian...

    Authors: Dayne L. Filer, Fengshen Kuo, Alicia T. Brandt, Christian R. Tilley, Piotr A. Mieczkowski, Jonathan S. Berg, Kimberly Robasky, Yun Li, Chris Bizon, Jeffery L. Tilson, Bradford C. Powell, Darius M. Bost, Clark D. Jeffries and Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:374
  25. SARS-CoV-2 related research has increased in importance worldwide since December 2019. Several new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged globally, of which the most notable and concerning currently are the UK va...

    Authors: Phuoc Thien Truong Nguyen, Ilya Plyusnin, Tarja Sironen, Olli Vapalahti, Ravi Kant and Teemu Smura
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:373
  26. Plant pathogens cause billions of dollars of crop loss every year and are a major threat to global food security. Effector proteins are the tools such pathogens use to infect the cell, predicting effectors de ...

    Authors: Ruth Kristianingsih and Dan MacLean
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:372
  27. More and more evidence shows that circRNA plays an important role in various biological processes and human health. Therefore, inferring the circRNA’s potential functions and obtaining circRNA functional simil...

    Authors: Liang Shu, Cheng Zhou, Xinxu Yuan, Jingpu Zhang and Lei Deng
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 10):371

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 10

  28. Mitochondria play essential roles in regulating cellular functions. Some drug treatments and molecular interventions have been reported to have off-target effects damaging mitochondria and causing severe side ...

    Authors: Yu-Te Lin, Ko-Hong Lin, Chi-Jung Huang and An-Chi Wei
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 10):369

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 10

  29. Introns are generally removed from primary transcripts to form mature RNA molecules in a post-transcriptional process called splicing. An efficient splicing of primary transcripts is an essential step in gene ...

    Authors: Verônica R. de Melo Costa, Julianus Pfeuffer, Annita Louloupi, Ulf A. V. Ørom and Rosario M. Piro
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:368
  30. The topology of metabolic networks is both well-studied and remarkably well-conserved across many species. The regulation of these networks, however, is much more poorly characterized, though it is known to be...

    Authors: Justin Y. Lee, Britney Nguyen, Carlos Orosco and Mark P. Styczynski
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:365
  31. Analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data plays an important role in understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic cellular processes in biological and biomedical research. One significant effort in thi...

    Authors: Tianyu Wang, Jun Bai and Sheida Nabavi
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:364
  32. Gene regulatory networks coordinate the expression of genes across physiological states and ensure a synchronized expression of genes in cellular subsystems, critical for the coherent functioning of cells. Her...

    Authors: Ian Leifer, Mishael Sánchez-Pérez, Cecilia Ishida and Hernán A. Makse
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:363
  33. Microbiome studies have uncovered associations between microbes and human, animal, and plant health outcomes. This has led to an interest in developing microbial interventions for treatment of disease and opti...

    Authors: Emily Goren, Chong Wang, Zhulin He, Amy M. Sheflin, Dawn Chiniquy, Jessica E. Prenni, Susannah Tringe, Daniel P. Schachtman and Peng Liu
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:362
  34. Facing the diversity of omics data and the difficulty of selecting one result over all those produced by several methods, consensus strategies have the potential to reconcile multiple inputs and to produce rob...

    Authors: Galadriel Brière, Élodie Darbo, Patricia Thébault and Raluca Uricaru
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:361
  35. Despite decades on developing dedicated Web tools, it is still difficult to predict correctly the changes of the thermodynamic stability of proteins caused by mutations. Here, we assessed the reliability of fi...

    Authors: Anna Marabotti, Eugenio Del Prete, Bernardina Scafuri and Angelo Facchiano
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 7):345

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 7

  36. Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) enables detection of microorganisms present in biological and other matrices of various origin and nature, allowing not only the identification of known phyla and strains but a...

    Authors: Carlo Ferravante, Domenico Memoli, Domenico Palumbo, Paolo Ciaramella, Antonio Di Loria, Ylenia D’Agostino, Giovanni Nassa, Francesca Rizzo, Roberta Tarallo, Alessandro Weisz and Giorgio Giurato
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22(Suppl 7):106

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 22 Supplement 7

  37. Tumors are composed by a number of cancer cell subpopulations (subclones), characterized by a distinguishable set of mutations. This phenomenon, known as intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), may be studied using C...

    Authors: Marilisa Montemurro, Elena Grassi, Carmelo Gabriele Pizzino, Andrea Bertotti, Elisa Ficarra and Gianvito Urgese
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:360
  38. Systems biology increasingly relies on deep sequencing with combinatorial index tags to associate biological sequences with their sample, cell, or molecule of origin. Accurate data interpretation depends on th...

    Authors: Lior Galanti, Dennis Shasha and Kristin C. Gunsalus
    Citation: BMC Bioinformatics 2021 22:359

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